Udmurt

Udmurt pupils getting ready for a performance in the school library. Today, Udmurt is used as a medium of education only in primary school. Photo: Annamari Saure 2017.

Udmurt is a Permic (Permian) language. The other Permic language is Komi, which is divided into Komi-Zyryan and Komi-Permyak.

Udmurt has one uniform literary language and several dialect groups.

The year 1775 is regarded as the year of birth of literary Udmurt, as that is when the first grammar of Udmurt was published. Literature published in the 1800s and 1900s was mainly written for church and school purposes or translated. Fiction, mainly poetry, has, however, also been produced since the late 1800s.

At the beginning of the literary period of Udmurt, each writer used their own dialect in their text. Since the dialectal differences in Udmurt are not very sharp, this practice did not cause difficulties. In the 1920s and 1930s, however, some started to look into the creation of a uniform literary language, while others would have wanted two literary Udmurt languages based on the different dialects. Eventually, a compromise was reached, with features from the various dialectal groups adopted for literary Udmurt. Udmurt is regarded as a Definitely Endangered language.

Wikipedia is already available in many Uralic languages, including Udmurt.